Steering Shaft
Steering Shaft
Everything About The Car Steering Wheel
teering wheel is an essential part of the steering system that is the most important part of any automotive. It not only drives the car but the design and structure of the system also helps improve safety and enhance the driving comfort.
A glimpse back in the history of Indian automobiles gives a clear picture of the cars that were equipped with a simple steering wheel. In the olden times, the entire car weight was mainly accommodated on the rear axle and steering was just used to tilt a bit to move the front axle. The actual working of the car wheels was monitored by a complex steering system.
As the car industry headed further, various advancements also approached. Advancements and improvements in car steering wheel was one of the most significant introduction, which further contributed largely to driving comfort and pleasure.
With improvements and innovations, two basic types of car steering wheel were introduced. These are explained below:
Standard or Re-circulating Ball Steering
This type of steering wheel use a series of links and arms to make both the wheels turn in the same direction simultaneously.
The recirculating ball steering gear comprises a worm gear that is divided into two parts. It also contains the tie rod, track rod, pitman arm, and the steering arms. The first divided section of the gear is a metal block with a threaded hole and teeth cut on the outside. The teethed surface of the section engage a gear to move the pitman arm. Pitman arm is a steering component that connects the steering gear to the centre link and the tie rods at the pitman shaft. Pitman arm is linked to the steering linkage and therefore, when the arm is moved, it steers the wheel. The steering wheel is linked to the threaded rod in the hole of the metal block and thus moves the block when it is turned. When the block is moved, the gear is also moved, which in turn offers motion of the wheels.
All the threads are filled with ball bearings that continually recirculate through the gear and help reduce friction. These ball bearings also reduce the slope felt in the car while changing the direction of the steering wheel.
Rack and Pinion Steering
Rack-and-pinion steering system is one of the most common types of steering system accepted today. This system is enclosed in a metal tube with rack ends protruding out. Then, a tie rod is linked to each end of the rack and the pinion gear is linked to the steering shaft. The other end of the tie rod is connected to the steering arm. When the steering wheel is turned, it spins the gear, which in turn moves the rack. This movement of the rack moves the car wheels.
The key advantages of the rack and pinion steering wheel is that it helps in the conversion of rotational motion to linear motion that drives the wheels. It also ensures reduced gear reduction to turn the wheels.
With modern day innovations and advancements various other types of car steering wheels are also introduced including the power steering and adjustable steering wheel.
About the Author
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How To Replace A Steering Rack
Replacing a steering rack is one of the more difficult of the do it yourself car repair jobs. Before you start, read the instructions completely and make sure you have everything that you will need. Also, keep in mind that these instructions are generalized, and will not be specific to your vehicle. Some steps may need to be done slightly different. It is recommended that you read the factory shop manual first. Lastly, you will need someone to help you with the project.
You will need screwdrivers, a ratchet and socket set with extensions, wrenches, a hammer, pliers, a wire brush, power steering filter, power steering fluid, automatic transmission fluid, a tie rod separator, a jack, jack stands, possibly an engine support fixture, and of course the new power steering rack.
First, loosen all the wheel lug nuts and jack up the front of the car. Then, take off both front wheels. Start with the steering wheel turned forward, and turn it slowly until you can get a socket to the steering shaft joint bolt. After you take the bolt off, use the screwdriver to tap the universal joint upwards. This ensures that you can easily move the spline clamp. Don't remove the spline clamp just yet. Unbolt the bolts under the front plastic pan, then remove it. Next, unbolt the tie rod bolt on the hubs on both sides. Take the tie rod separator; push them out on both sides. Loosen first the tie rod locking bolt, then the tie rod ball joint. Remove the rubber boot and loosen the ball joint. Unbolt the hydraulic feed-and-return line, and remove the steering rack mounting bolts. Have your helper turn the steering wheel right, then drop the rack down that side. Then, do the same for the opposite side.
Take the hydraulic line holder bracket, boot, mounting rubber, metal bracket and put them on the new rack. Since the wheel is already to the left, install that side first. Then, position the spline shaft and clamp correctly. Once it's done, turn the wheel and do the same for the other side. Reinstall the mounting bolts on the steering rack. Install the feed-and-return hydraulic lines. Center the steering rack and steering wheel. Re-install the ball joint, rubber boot, then tie rods. Install the steering column universal shaft spline clamp bolt, then install the front pan. Put the front wheels back on.
You’re all done. It’s not one of the easier do it yourself jobs but if you follow the instructions above and read your vehicle manual, you should be just fine.
About the Author
Bond Mejeh produces automotive related articles for Quick Cash Auto, a cash for cars service. Quick Cash Auto not only buys pre-owned vehicles of any year, make or model, but they also provide numerous articles about vehicle repair and automotive news.
Please visit QuickCashAuto.com for more information and be sure to check out our automotive blog.